Abbreviations for Use in TC Articles

  1. General
  2. Languages, Versions, and Editions of the Biblical Text
  3. Special Tags for Identifying Languages in Text and HTML Formats
  4. Biblical Books (including Apocrypha/Deuterocanonicals)
  5. Old Testament Psuedepigrapha
  6. Apostolic Fathers and New Testament Apocrypha
  7. Other Early Jewish and Christian Witnesses and Works
  8. Orders and Tractates in Rabbinic Literature
  9. Other Rabbinic Works and Related Words
  10. Nag Hammadi Tractates
  11. Modern Bible Translations
  12. Journals, Book Series, and Reference Works

    1. General

    BCE            before the common era
    c.             circa
    CE             common era
    cf.            compare
    chap(s).       chapter(s)
    col(s).        column(s)
    Dtr            Deuteronomist(ic)
    ed(d).         edition(s)
    ep(s).         epistle(s)
    fl.            flourished
    fol(s).        folio(s)
    frg(s).        fragment(s)
    HB             Hebrew Bible
    IGNTP          International Greek New Testament Project
    K              Kethib
    l(l).          line(s)
    lit.           literally
    Mm             Masora magna
    Mp             Masora parva
    ms(s)          manuscript(s)
    n(n).          note(s)
    NT             New Testament
    OT             Old Testament
    p(p).          page(s)
    pl(s).         plate(s)
    pt(s).         part(s)
    Q              Qere
    Seb            Seberin
    TiqSoph        Tiqqune Sopherim
    v(v).          verse(s)
    

    2. Languages, Versions, and Editions of the Biblical Text

    These abbreviations may be used in the body of the article or in a critical apparatus. Special tags for setting off foreign language text in text and HTML documents are identified in the following section.

    ach            Achmimic
    ach2           Sub-Achmimic
    Aq             Aquila
    arab           Arabic
    aram           Aramaic
    arm            Armenian
    bo             Bohairic
    CG             Cairo Geniza
    cop            Coptic
    diat           Diatessaron
    eth            Ethiopic
    fay            Fayyumic
    geo            Georgian
    gk             Greek
    heb            Hebrew
    lat            Latin
    LXX            Septuagint
    LXXL           Lucianic Recension of LXX
    LXXO           Hexaplaric Recension of LXX
    meg            Middle Egyptian
    mf             Middle Fayyumic
    MT             Masoretic Text, Majority Text
    NTG            The New Testament in Greek, product of the IGNTP
    nub            Nubian
    OG             Old Greek
    OL             Old Latin
    OSyr           Old Syriac
    P              Peshitta
    pbo            Proto-Boharic
    per            Persian
    sah            Sahidic
    SamT           Samaritan Targum
    slav           Old Church Slavonic
    sog            Sogdian
    SP             Samaritan Pentateuch
    Sym            Symmachus
    syr            Syriac
    syrh           Harclean Syriac
    SyrHex         Syro-Hexapla
    syrp           Peshitta
    syrpal         Palestinian Syriac
    syrph          Phioloxenian Syriac
    T              Targum
    TEsth1-2       First or Second Targum of Esther
    TF             Fragmentary Targum
    Theo           Theodotion
    TIsa           Targum of Isaiah
    TJ             Targum Jonathan
    TO             Targum Onkelos
    TN             Targum Neofiti
    TPsJ           Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
    TR             Textus Receptus
    YemT           Yemenite Targum
    V              Vulgate
    

    3. Special Tags for Identifying Languages in Text and HTML Formats

    The abbreviations below are taken from a draft of ISO 639/2, a three-letter abbreviation scheme for identifying both ancient and modern languages. Only those languages that are likely to pertain to biblical textual criticism are listed below.

    akk            Akkadian
    ara            Arabic
    arc            Aramaic
    arm            Armenian
    chu            Church Slavic (Old Church Slavonic)
    cop            Coptic
    egy            Egyptian
    eth            Ethiopic
    geo            Georgian
    got            Gothic
    grc            Greek, Ancient
    heb            Hebrew
    lat            Latin
    peo            Persian, Old
    pro            Provençal, Old
    sam            Samaritan Aramaic
    san            Sanskrit
    sux            Sumerian
    syr            Syriac
    uga            Ugaritic
    

    4. Biblical Books (including Apocrypha/Deuterocanonicals)

    Gen       Ex        Lev       Num       Deut      Josh      Judg
    Ruth      1-2Sam    1-2Kgs    1-4Kgdms  1-2Chr    Ezra      Neh
    Esth      Job       Ps(s)     Prov      Eccl/Qoh  Song/Cant Isa
    Jer       Lam       Ezek      Dan       Hos       Joel      Amos
    Obad      Jonah     Mic       Nah       Hab       Zeph      Hag
    Zech      Mal       Tob       Jdt       AddEsth   WisSol    Sir
    Bar       LetJer    PrAzar    Sus       Bel       1-4Mac    1-2Esdr
    4-6Ezra   EsdrA-B   PrMan     Odes      Mt        Mk        Lk
    Jn        Acts      Rom       1-2Cor    Gal       Eph       Phil
    Col       1-2Thes   1-2Tim    Tit       Phlm      Heb       Jas
    1-2Pet    1-3Jn     Jude      Rev
    

    5. Old Testament Psuedepigrapha

    ApAb           Apocalypse of Abraham
    TAb            Testament of Abraham
    ApAdam         Apocalypse of Adam
    TAdam          Testament of Adam
    LAE            Life of Adam and Eve
    Ah             Ahiqar
    AnonSam        An Anonymous Samaritan Text
    LetAris        Letter of Aristeas
    ArisEx         Aristeas the Exegete
    Aristob        Aristobulus
    Art            Artapanus
    2Bar           2 (Syriac Apocalypse of) Baruch
    3Bar           3 (Greek Apocalypse of) Baruch
    4Bar           4 Baruch
    CavTr          Cave of Treasures
    ClMal          Cleodemus Malchus
    ApDan          Apocalypse of Daniel
    Dem            Demetrius
    ElMod          Eldad and Modad
    ApEl           Apocalypse of Elijah
    HebApEl        Hebrew Apocalypse of Elijah
    1En            1 (Ethiopic Apocalypse of) Enoch
    2En            2 (Slavonic Apocalypse of) Enoch
    3En            3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch
    Eup            Eupolemus
    Ps-Eup         Pseudo-Eupolemus
    ApocEzek       Apocryphon of Ezekiel
    ApEzek         Apocalypse of Ezekiel
    EzekTrag       Ezekiel the Tragedian
    GkApEzra       Greek Apocalypse of Ezra
    QuesEzra       Questions of Ezra
    RevEzra        Revelation of Ezra
    VisEzra        Vision of Ezra
    HecAb          Hecataeus of Abdera
    Ps-Hec         Pseudo-Hecataeus
    HelSynPr       Hellenistic Synagogal Prayers
    THez           Testament of Hezekiah
    FrgsHistWrks   Fragments of Historical Works
    TIsaac         Testament of Isaac
    AscenIs        Ascension of Isaiah
    MartIs         Martyrdom of Isaiah
    VisIs          Vision of Isaiah
    LadJac         Ladder of Jacob
    PrJac          Prayer of Jacob
    TJac           Testament of Jacob
    JanJam         Jannes and Jambres
    TJob           Testament of Job
    JosAsen        Joseph and Asenath
    HistJos        History of Joseph
    PrJos          Prayer of Joseph
    Jub            Jubilees
    LAB            Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
    LosTr          Lost Tribes
    5Mac           5 Maccabees
    SyrMen         Syriac Menander
    ApMos          Apocalypse of Moses
    AsMos          Assumption of Moses
    PrMos          Prayer of Moses
    TMos           Testament of Moses
    BkNoah         Book of Noah
    Ps-Orph        Psuedo-Orpheus
    PJ             Paraleipomena Jeremiou
    PhEPoet        Philo the Epic Poet
    Ps-Philo       Pseudo-Philo
    Ps-Phoc        Pseudo-Phocylides
    FrgsPoetWrks   Fragments of Poetic Works
    LivPro         Lives of the Prophets
    HistRech       History of the Rechabites
    ApSedr         Apocalypse of Sedrach
    TrShem         Treatise of Shem
    SibOr          Sibylline Oracles
    OdesSol        Odes of Solomon
    PssSol         Psalms of Solomon
    TSol           Testament of Solomon
    5ApocSyrPss    Five Apocryphal Syriac Psalms
    Thal           Thallus
    Theod          Theodotus
    T12P           Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
    TReu           Testament of Reuben
    TSim           Testament of Simeon
    TLevi          Testament of Levi
    TJud           Testament of Judah
    TIss           Testament of Issachar
    TZeb           Testament of Zebulun
    TDan           Testament of Dan
    TNaph          Testament of Naphtali
    TGad           Testament of Gad
    TAsh           Testament of Asher
    TJos           Testament of Joseph
    TBenj          Testament of Benjamin
    Vita           Vita Adae et Evae
    ApZeph         Apocalypse of Zephaniah
    ApZos          Apocalypse of Zosimus
    

    6. Apostolic Fathers and New Testament Apocrypha

    Addai          Doctrine of Addai
    ActsAndr       Acts of Andrew
    AposCon        Apostolic Constitutions
    EpApos         Epistula Apostolorum
    Barn           Epistle of Barnabas
    GBart          Gospel of Bartholomew
    QuesBart       Questions of Bartholomew
    1-2Clem        1-2 Clement
    PseudClemRec   Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions
    3Cor           3 Corinthians
    CorCorr        Corinthian Correspondence
    Did            Didache
    Diogn          Epistle of Diognetus
    GEbion         Gospel of the Ebionites
    GEgyp          Gospel of the Egyptians
    Elch           Book of Elchasai
    GHeb           Gospel of the Hebrews
    Herm           Shepherd of Hermas
    HermMan        Hermas, Mandates
    HermSim        Hermas, Similitudes
    HermVis        Hermas, Visions
    IgnEph         Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians
    IgnMagn        Epistle of Ignatius to the Magnesians
    IgnPhld        Epistle of Ignatius to the Philadelphians
    IgnPol         Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp
    IgnRom         Epistle of Ignatius to the Romans
    IgnSmyrn       Epistle of Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans
    IgnTrall       Epistle of Ignatius to the Trallians
    ApIoan         Apocalypsis tou hagiou Ioannou
    ProtJas        Protevangelium of James
    ActsJn         Acts of John
    EpLaod         Epistle to the Laodiceans
    SecretMk       Secret Gospel of Mark
    GMatthias      Gospel of Matthias
    GNaas          Gospel of the Naassenes
    GNaz           Gospel of the Nazareans
    GNic           Gospel of Nicodemus
    PapEg2         Papyrus Egerton 2, Fragments of an Unknown Gospel
    ActsPaul       Acts of Paul
    ApPaul         Apocalypse of Paul
    ActsPet        Acts of Peter
    ApPet          Apocalypse of Peter
    GPet           Gospel of Peter
    PrPet          Preaching of Peter
    ActsPhil       Acts of Philip
    GPhil          Gospel of Philip
    ActsPil        Acts of Pilate
    MartPol        Martyrdom of Polycarp
    PolPhil        Epistle of Polycarp of Philippians
    RevSteph       Revelation of Stephen
    ActsThom       Acts of Thomas
    ApThom         Apocalypse of Thomas
    GThom          Gospel of Thomas
    GTr            Gospel of Truth
    ApVirg         Apocalypse of the Virgin
    

    7. Other Early Jewish and Christian Witnesses and Works

    Acac           Acacius of Caesarea
    Ad             Adamantius
    Ambr           Ambrose of Milan
    Ps-Ambr        Pseudo-Ambrose
    Ambst          Ambrosiaster
    AnastS         Anastasius of Sinai
    Andr           Andreas of Crete
    Aphr           Aphrahat
    Apr            Apringius Pacensis
    Arn            Arnobius the Younger
    Ath            Athanasius of Alexandria
    Aug            Augustine of Hippo
    Bas            Basil (the Great) of Caesarea
    Bea            Beatus of Liebana
    Bede           Bede (the Venerable)
    Cass           Cassiodorus
    Chr            John Chrysostom
    Cl             Clement of Alexandria
    Cn             John Cassianus
    Cyp            Cyprian
    Ps-Cyp         Pseudo-Cyprian
    Cyr            Cyril of Alexandria
    CyrJ           Cyril of Jerusalem
    Didym          Didymus (the Blind) of Alexandria
    Dion           Dionysius of Alexandria
    Ephr           Ephraem Syrus
    Epiph          Epiphanius
    Eus            Eusebius of Caesarea
      Hist. Eccl.             Historia Ecclesia
    Firm           Firmicus Maternus
    Fulg           Fulgentius
    GrNaz          Gregory of Nazianzus
    GrNys          Gregory of Nyssa
    Hes            Hesychius
    Hil            Hilarius
    Hipp           Hippolytus
    Ir             Irenaeus
    Jer            Jerome
    Jos            Josephus
      Ant.            Antiquities of the Jews
      Apion          Against Apion
      Life           Life of Josephus
      War            Jewish Wars
    Jus            Justin Martyr
    Lact           Lactantius
    Lcf            Lucifer of Caglieri
    Mcion          Marcion
    MarcErem       Marcus Eremita
    MVict          Marius Victorinus
    Meth           Methodius of Olympus
    Nic            Nicetas of Remesiana
    Nil            Nilus of Ancyra
    Non            Nonnus
    Nov            Novatian
    Ps-Oec         Pseudo-Oecumenius
    Or             Origen
    Oros           Orosius
    Pel            Pelagius
    Phil           Philo
    Ps-Phil        Pseudo-Philo
    PistS          Pistis Sophia
    Porph          Porphyry of Gaza
    Prim           Primasius
    Prisc          Priscillianus
    Prosp          Prosper
    Quod           Quodvultdeus
    Shen           Shenute
    Spec           Speculum, Pseudo-Augustine
    Tert           Tertullian
    Thdt           Theodoret
    TitB           Titus Bostrensis
    Tyc            Tyconius
    Vic            Victorinus Petavionensis
    Vig            Vigilius of Thapsus
    

    8. Orders and Tractates in Rabbinic Literature

    Use m, t, b, or j before the name of a tractate to distinguish same-named titles in the Mishna, Tosefta, Babylonian Talmud, or Jerusalem Talmud.
    )Abot)Abot
    (Arak(Arakin
    (AbodZar(Aboda Zara
    BBatBaba Batra
    BekBekorot
    BerBerakot
    Bes@aBes@a
    BikBikkurim
    BMes@Baba Mes@i(a
    BQamBaba Qamma
    DemDemai
    (Erub(Erubin
    (Ed(Eduyyot
    Git@Git@t@in
    H9agH9agiga
    H9alH9alla
    HorHorayot
    H9ulH9ullin
    KelimKelim
    KerKeritot
    KetubKetubot
    KilKil)ayim
    Ma(as8Ma(as8erot
    MakMakkot
    Maks\Maks\irin
    MegMegilla
    Me(ilMe(ila
    Menah@Menah@ot
    MidMiddot
    MiqwMiqwa)ot
    Mo(edMo(ed
    Mo(edQatMo(ed Qatan
    Ma(as8S0Ma(as8er S0eni
    Nas\imNas\im
    NazirNazir
    NedNedarim
    NegNega(im
    NezNeziqin
    NidNiddah
    OholOholot
    (Or(Orla
    ParaPara
    Pe)aPe)a
    Pesah@Pesah@im
    QinnimQinnim
    QiddQiddus\in
    QodQodas\in
    Ros\Has\Ros\ Has\s\ana
    SanhSanhedrin
    S0abbS0abbat
    S0ebS0ebi(it
    S0ebuS0ebu(ot
    S0eqalS0eqalim
    Sot@aSot@a
    SukkSukka
    Ta(anTa(anit
    TamidTamid
    TemTemura
    TerTerumot
    T9oharT9oharot
    T9YomT9ebul Yom
    (Uq(Uqs@in
    YadYadayim
    YebamYebamot
    YomaYoma
    ZabimZabim
    Zebah@Zebah@im
    ZerZera(im

    9. Other Rabbinic Works and Related Words

    )AbotRNat)Abot de Rabbi Nathan
    )AgBer)Aggadat Beres\it
    BabBabylonian
    BarBaraita
    DerErRabDerekEres@Rabba
    DerErZut@DerekEres@Zut@a
    GemGemara
    KallaKalla
    MekMekilta
    MidrMidras\ (MidrQoh = Midras\ Qohelet)
    PalPalestinian
    PesiqRPesiqta Rabbati
    PesiqRabKahPesiqta de Rab Kahana
    PirqeRElPirqe Rabbi Eliezer
    RabRabbah (GenRab = Genesis Rabbah)
    S0emS0emah@ot
    SipraSipra
    SipreSipre
    SopSoperim
    S(OlamRabSeder (Olam Rabbah
    TalmTalmud
    YalYalqut@

    10. Nag Hammadi Tractates

    ActsPet12Apost Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles
    Allogenes      Allogenes
    ApocJas        Apocryphon of James
    ApocJn         Apocryphon of John
    ApAdam         Apocalypse of Adam
    1ApJas         First Apocalypse of James
    2ApJas         Second Apocalypse of James
    ApPaul         Apocalypse of Paul
    ApPet          Apocalypse of Peter
    Asclepius      Asclepius
    AuthTeach      Authoritative Teaching
    DialSav        Dialogue of the Savior
    Disc8-9        Discourse on the Eighth and Ninth
    EpPetPhil      Letter of Peter to Philip
    Eugnostos      Eugnostos the Blessed
    ExegSoul       Exegesis of the Soul
    GEgyp          Gospel of the Egyptians
    GPhil          Gospel of Philip
    GThom          Gospel of Thomas
    GTruth         Gospel of Truth
    GreatPow       Concept of Our Great Power
    HypArch        Hypostasis of the Archons
    Hypsiph        Hypsiphrone
    InterpKnow     Interpretation of Knowledge
    Marsanes       Marsanes
    Melch          Melchizedek
    Norea          Thought of Norea
    OnBapA         On Baptism A
    OnBapB         On Baptism B
    OnBapC         On Baptism C
    OnEuchA        On the Eucharist A
    OnEuchB        On the Eucharist B
    OrigWorld      On the Origin of the World
    ParaphShem     Paraphrase of Shem
    PrPaul         Prayer of the Apostle Paul
    PrThanks       Prayer of Thanksgiving
    SentSextus     Sentences of Sextus
    SophJesChr     Sophia of Jesus Christ
    StelesSeth     Three Steles of Seth
    TeachSilv      Teachings of Silvanus
    TestimTruth    Testimony of Truth
    ThomCont       Book of Thomas the Contender
    Thund          Thunder, Perfect Mind
    TreatRes       Treatise on the Resurrection
    TreatSeth      Second Treatise of the Great Seth
    TriTrac        Tripartite Tractate
    TrimProt       Trimorphic Protennoia
    ValExp         A Valentinian Exposition
    Zost           Zostrianos
    

    11. Modern Bible Translations

    ASV            American Standard Version
    GNB            Good News Bible
    JB             Jerusalem Bible
    JPS            Jewish Publication Society Tanakh
    KJV            King James Version
    Luth           Luther Bibel
    NAB            New American Bible
    NASB           New American Standard Bible
    NEB            New English Bible
    NIV            New International Version
    NJB            New Jerusalem Bible
    NJPS           New Jewish Publication Society Tanakh
    NRSV           New Revised Standard Version
    REB            Revised English Bible
    RSV            Revised Standard Version
    RV             Revised Version
    R-V            Versión Reina Valera
    

    12. Journals, Book Series, and Reference Works

    Titles not found in this list are to be written out in full. Titles of periodicals and books are italicized, but titles of series are set in roman characters, as are acronyms of authors' names when they are used as sigla.

    AARSBLA    American Academy of Religion/Society of Biblical Literature Abstracts
    AARSBLVR   AAR/SBL Ventures in Religion
    AAS        Acta apostolicae sedis
    AASOR      Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
    AB         Anchor Bible
    ABD        D. N. Freedman, ed., Anchor Bible Dictionary
    AbrN       Abr-Nahrain
    AcOr       Acta orientalia
    ACW        Ancient Christian Writers
    ADAJ       Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan
    Aeg        Aegyptus
    AfO        Archiv für Orientforschung
    AGJU       Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums
    AHW        W. von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch
    AJA        American Journal of Archaeology
    AJAS       American Journal of Arabic Studies
    AJBA       Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology
    AJBI       Annual of the Japanese Biblical Institute
    AJP        American Journal of Philology
    AJSL       American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature
    AJT        American Journal of Theology
    ALBO       Analecta lovaniensia biblica et orientalia
    ALGHJ      Arbeiten zur Literatur und Geschichte des hellenistischen Judentums
    ALUOS      Annual of Leeds University Oriental Society
    AnBib      Analecta biblica
    AnBoll     Analecta Bollandiana
    ANEP       J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near East in Pictures
    ANESTP     J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near East Supplementary Texts and Pictures
    ANET       J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts
    ANF        The Ante-Nicene Fathers
    AnOr       Analecta orientalia
    ANQ        Andover Newton Quarterly
    ANRW       Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt
    ANTF       Arbeiten zur neutestamentlichen Textforschung
    ANTJ       Arbeiten zum Neuen Testament und Judentum
    Anton      Antonianum
    AOAT       Alter Orient und Altes Testament
    AOS        American Oriental Series
    AOSTS      American Oriental Society Translation Series
    AP         J. Marouzeau, ed., L'année philologique
    APOT       R. H. Charles, ed., Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament
    AR         D. D. Luckenbill, ed., Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia
    ARE        J. H. Breasted, ed., Ancient Records of Egypt
    ARG        Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte
    ARM        Archives royales de Mari
    ArOr       Archiv orientální
    ARW        Archiv für Religionswissenschaft
    ASNU       Acta seminarii neotestamentici upsaliensis
    ASS        Acta sanctae sedis
    ASSR       Archives des sciences sociales des religions
    ASTI       Annual of the Swedish Theological Institute
    ATAbh      Alttestamentliche Abhandlungen
    ATANT      Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments
    ATAT       Arbeiten zu Text und Sprache im Alten Testament
    ATD        Das Alte Testament Deutsch
    ATDan      Acta theologica danica
    ATR        Anglican Theological Review
    AusBR      Australian Biblical Review
    AUSS       Andrews University Seminary Studies
    BA         Biblical Archaeologist
    BAC        Biblioteca de autores cristianos
    BAGD       W. Bauer, W. F. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, and F. W. Danker, Greek-English Lexicon of the NT
    BAR        Biblical Archaeologist Reader
    BARev      Biblical Archaeology Review
    BASOR      Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
    BASP       Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists
    BBB        Bonner biblische Beiträge
    BBET       Beiträge zur biblischen Exegese und Theologie
    BCSR       Bulletin of the Council on the Study of Religion
    BDB        F. Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament
    BDF        F. Blass, A. Debrunner, and R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the NT
    BDR        F. Blass, A. Debrunner, and F. Rehkopf, Grammatik des neutestamentlichen Griechisch
    BeO        Bibbia e oriente
    BETL       Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium
    BEvT       Beiträge zur evangelischen Theologie
    BFCT       Beiträge zur Förderung christlicher Theologie
    BFT        Biblical Foundations in Theology
    BGBE       Beiträge zur Geschichte der biblischen Exegese
    BHEAT      Bulletin d'histoire et d'exégèse de l'Ancien Testament
    BHH        B. Reicke and L. Rost, eds., Biblisch-Historisches Handwörterbuch
    BHK        R. Kittel, Biblia hebraica
    BHS        Biblia hebraica stuttgartensia
    BHT        Beiträge zur historischen Theologie
    Bib        Biblica
    BibB       Biblische Beiträge
    BibLeb     Bibel und Leben
    BibOr      Biblica et orientalia
    BibRev     Bible Review
    BibS(F)    Biblische Studien (Freiburg, 1895-)
    BibS(N)    Biblische Studien (Neukirchen, 1951-)
    BIES       Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society (= Yediot)
    BIFAO      Bulletin de l'institut français d'archéologie orientale
    BIOSCS     Bulletin of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies
    BJPES      Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society
    BJRL       Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester
    BJS        Brown Judaic Studies
    BK         Bibel und Kirche
    BKAT       Biblischer Kommentar: Altes Testament
    BLE        Bulletin de littérature ecclésiastique
    BLit       Bibel und Liturgie
    BO         Bibliotheca orientalis
    BR         Biblical Research
    BSac       Bibliotheca Sacra
    BSO(A)S    Bulletin of the School of Oriental (and African) Studies
    BT         The Bible Translator
    BTB        Biblical Theology Bulletin
    BTS        Bible et terre sainte
    BTZ        Berliner Theologische Zeitschrift
    BurH       Buried History
    BVC        Bible et vie chrétienne
    BWANT      Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament
    BZ         Biblische Zeitschrift
    BZAW       Beihefte zur ZAW
    BZNW       Beihefte zur ZNW
    BZRGG      Beihefte zur ZRGG
    CAD        The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
    CAH        Cambridge Ancient History
    CahRB      Cahiers de la Revue biblique
    CahThéol   Cahiers Théologiques
    CAT        Commentaire de l'Ancien Testament
    CB         Cultura bíblica
    CBC        Cambridge Bible Commentary
    CBQ        Catholic Biblical Quarterly
    CBQMS      Catholic Biblical Quarterly--Monograph Series
    CCath      Corpus Catholicorum
    CChr       Corpus Christianorum
    CGTC       Cambridge Greek Testament Commentaries
    CH         Church History
    CHR        Catholic Historical Review
    CIG        Corpus inscriptionum graecarum
    CII        Corpus inscriptionum iudaicarum
    CIL        Corpus inscriptionum latinarum
    CIS        Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum
    CJT        Canadian Journal of Theology
    CNT        Commentaire du Nouveau Testament
    ConB       Coniectanea biblica
    ConBNT     Coniectanea biblica, New Testament
    ConBOT     Coniectanea biblica, Old Testament
    ConNT      Coniectanea neotestamentica
    CP         Classical Philology
    CQ         Church Quarterly
    CQR        Church Quarterly Review
    CR         Critical Review of Books in Religion
    CRAIBL     Comptes rendus de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
    CRINT      Compendia rerum iudaicarum ad novum testamentum
    CSCO       Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium
    CSEL       Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum
    CTA        A. Herdner, Corpus des tablettes en cunéiformes alphabétiques
    CTM        Concordia Theological Monthly
    CurTM      Currents in Theology and Mission
    DACL       Dictionnaire d'archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie
    DBSup      Dictionnaire de la Bible, Supplément
    DISO       C.-F. Jean and J. Hoftijzer, Dictionnaire des inscriptions sémitiques de l'ouest
    DJD        Discoveries in the Judaean Desert
    DOTT       D. W. Thomas, ed., Documents from Old Testament Times
    DS         Denzinger-Schönmetzer, Enchiridion symbolorum
    DTC        Dictionnaire de théologie catholique
    DTT        Dansk teologisk tidsskrift
    DunRev     Dunwoodie Review
    EB         Echter Bibel
    Ebib       Etudes bibliques
    EDB        L. F. Hartman, ed., Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Bible
    EHAT       Exegetisches Handbuch zum Alten Testament
    EKKNT      Evangelisch-katholischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament
    EKL        Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon
    EncJud     Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971)
    EnchBib    Enchiridion biblicum
    EPRO       Etudes préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'empire Romain
    ErFor      Erträge der Forschung
    ErIsr      Eretz Israel
    ErJb       Eranos Jahrbuch
    EstBib     Estudios bíblicos
    ETL        Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses
    ETR        Etudes théologiques et religieuses
    ETS        Erfurter theologische Studien
    EvK        Evangelische Kommentare
    EvQ        Evangelical Quarterly
    EvT        Evangelische Theologie
    EWNT       H. Balz and G. Schneider, eds., Exegetisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament
    ExpTim     Expository Times
    FB         Forschung zur Bibel
    FBBS       Facet Books, Biblical Series
    FC         Fathers of the Church
    FFNT       Foundations and Facets: New Testament
    FRLANT     Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments
    GAG        W. von Soden, Grundriss der akkadischen Grammatik
    GAT        Grundrisse zum Alten Testament
    GCS        Griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller
    GKB        Gesenius-Kautzsch-Bergsträsser, Hebräische Grammatik
    GKC        Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, ed. E. Kautzsch, tr. A. E. Cowley
    GNS        Good News Studies
    GNT        Grundrisse zum Neuen Testament
    GOTR       Greek Orthodox Theological Review
    GRBS       Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
    Greg       Gregorianum
    GTA        Göttinger theologische Arbeiten
    HALAT      W. Baumgartner, et al., Hebräisches und aramäisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament
    HAR        Hebrew Annual Review
    HAT        Handbuch zum Alten Testament
    HBC        J. L. Mays, et al., eds., Harper's Bible Commentary
    HBD        P. J. Achtemeier, et al., eds., Harper's Bible Dictionary
    HBT        Horizons in Biblical Theology
    HDR        Harvard Dissertations in Religion
    HeyJ       Heythrop Journal
    HKAT       Handkommentar zum Alten Testament
    HKNT       Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament
    HNT        Handbuch zum Neuen Testament
    HNTC       Harper's NT Commentaries
    HR         History of Religions
    HS         Hebrew Studies
    HSM        Harvard Semitic Monographs
    HSS        Harvard Semitic Studies
    HTKNT      Herders theologischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament
    HTR        Harvard Theological Review
    HTS        Harvard Theological Studies
    HUCA       Hebrew Union College Annual
    HUCM       Monographs of the Hebrew Union College
    HUT        Hermeneutische Untersuchungen zur Theologie
    IB         Interpreter's Bible
    IBC        Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching
    IBS        Irish Biblical Studies
    ICC        International Critical Commentary
    IDB        G. A. Buttrick, ed., Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible
    IDBSup     Supplementary volume to IDB
    IEJ        Israel Exploration Journal
    Int        Interpretation
    IOS        Israel Oriental Society
    IRT        Issues in Religion and Theology
    ISBE       G. W. Bromiley, ed., International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, rev.
    ITQ        Irish Theological Quarterly
    JA         Journal asiatique
    JAAR       Journal of the American Academy of Religion
    JAC        Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum
    JANESCU    Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University
    JAOS       Journal of the American Oriental Society
    JAS        Journal of Asian Studies
    JB         A. Jones, ed., Jerusalem Bible
    JBC        R. E. Brown, et al., eds., The Jerome Biblical Commentary
    JBE        Journal of Buddhist Ethics
    JBL        Journal of Biblical Literature
    JBR        Journal of Bible and Religion
    JCS        Journal of Cuneiform Studies
    JDS        Judean Desert Series
    JEA        Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
    JEH        Journal of Ecclesiastical History
    JEOL       Jaarbericht . . . ex oriente lux
    JES        Journal of Ecumenical Studies
    JETS       Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society
    JFSR       Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion
    JHebS      Journal of Hebrew Scriptures
    JHNES      Johns Hopkins Near Eastern Studies
    JHS        Journal of Hellenic Studies
    JIBS       Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies
    JIPh       Journal of Indian Philosophy
    JJS        Journal of Jewish Studies
    JMES       Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
    JMS        Journal of Mithraic Studies
    JNES       Journal of Near Eastern Studies
    JNSL       Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages
    JPOS       Journal of Palestine Oriental Society
    JPSV       Jewish Publication Society Version
    JQR        Jewish Quarterly Review
    JQRMS      Jewish Quarterly Review Monograph Series
    JR         Journal of Religion
    JRAS       Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
    JRE        Journal of Religious Ethics
    JRelS      Journal of Religious Studies
    JRH        Journal of Religious History
    JRS        Journal of Roman Studies
    JRT        Journal of Religious Thought
    JSHRZ      Jüdische Schriften aus hellenistisch-römischer Zeit
    JSJ        Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period
    JSNT       Journal for the Study of the New Testament
    JSNTSup    Journal for the Study of the New Testament--Supplement Series
    JSOT       Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    JSOTSup    Journal for the Study of the Old Testament--Supplement Series
    JSP        Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha
    JSS        Journal of Semitic Studies
    JSSR       Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
    JTC        Journal for Theology and the Church
    JTS        Journal of Theological Studies
    Judaica    Judaica: Beiträge zum Verständnis . . .
    KAI        H. Donner and W. Rollig, Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften
    KAT        Kommentar zum Alten Testament
    KB         L. Koehler and W. Baumgartner, Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti libros
    KD         Kerygma und Dogma
    KlT        Kleine Texte
    KS         Kirjath-Sepher
    LB         Linguistica Biblica
    LCC        Library of Christian Classics
    LCL        Loeb Classical Library
    LD         Lectio divina
    Leß        Leßonénu
    LLAVT      E. Vogt, Lexicon linguae aramaicae Veteris Testamenti
    LPGL       G. W. H. Lampe, Patristic Greek Lexicon
    LQ         Lutheran Quarterly
    LR         Lutherische Rundschau
    LS         Louvain Studies
    LSJ        Liddell-Scott-Jones, Greek-English Lexicon
    LTK        Lexicon für Theologie und Kirche
    LTP        Laval théologique et philosophique
    LUÅ        Lunds universitets årsskrift
    LW         Lutheran World
    McCQ       McCormick Quarterly
    MDOG       Mitteilungen der deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft
    MeyerK     H. A. W. Meyer, Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament
    MGWJ       Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums
    MM         J. H. Moulton and G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament
    MNTC       Moffatt NT Commentary
    MPAIBL     Mémoires présentés à l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
    MScRel     Mélanges de science religieuse
    MTZ        Münchener theologische Zeitschrift
    Mus        Muséon
    MUSJ       Mélanges de l'université Saint-Joseph
    MVAG       Mitteilungen der vorderasiatisch-ägyptischen Gesellschaft
    NCB        New Century Bible
    NCCHS      R. D. Fuller, et al., eds., New Catholic Commentary on Holy Scripture
    NCE        M. R. P. McGuire, et al., eds., New Catholic Encyclopedia
    NedTTs     Nederlands theologisch tijdschrift
    Neot       Neotestamentica
    NFT        New Frontiers in Theology
    NHS        Nag Hammadi Studies
    NICNT      New International Commentary on the New Testament
    NICOT      New International Commentary on the Old Testament
    NIGTC      The New International Greek Testament Commentary
    NJBC       R. E. Brown et al., eds., The New Jerome Biblical Commentary
    NKZ        Neue kirchliche Zeitschrift
    NorTT      Norsk Teologisk Tidsskrift
    NovT       Novum Testamentum
    NovTSup    Novum Testamentum, Supplements
    NPNF       Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
    NRT        La nouvelle revue théologique
    NTA        New Testament Abstracts
    NTAbh      Neutestamentliche Abhandlungen
    NTD        Das Neue Testament Deutsch
    NTF        Neutestamentliche Forschungen
    NTL        New Testament Library
    NTOA       Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus
    NTS        New Testament Studies
    NTTS       New Testament Tools and Studies
    Numen      Numen: International Review for the History of Religions
    OBO        Orbis biblicus et orientalis
    ÖBS        Österreichische biblische Studien
    OBT        Overtures to Biblical Theology
    OCD        Oxford Classical Dictionary
    OIP        Oriental Institute Publications
    OLP        Orientalia lovaniensia periodica
    OLZ        Orientalische Literaturzeitung
    Or         Orientalia (Rome)
    OrAnt      Oriens antiquus
    OrChr      Oriens christianus
    OrSyr      L'orient syrien
    OTA        Old Testament Abstracts
    OTL        Old Testament Library
    OTP        J. H. Charlesworth, ed., The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
    OTS        Oudtestamentische Studiën
    PAAJR      Proceedings of the American Academy of Jewish Research
    PCB        M. Black and H. H. Rowley, eds., Peake's Commentary on the Bible
    PEFQS      Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement
    PEQ        Palestine Exploration Quarterly
    PG         J. Migne, Patrologia graeca
    PGM        K. Preisendanz, ed., Papyri graecae magicae
    PhEW       Philosophy East and West
    PhRev      Philosophical Review
    PJ         Palästina-Jahrbuch
    PL         J. Migne, Patrologia latina
    PO         Patrologia orientalis
    PRU        Le Palais royal d'Ugarit
    PSTJ       Perkins (School of Theology) Journal
    PTMS       Pittsburgh (Princeton) Theological Monograph Series
    PVTG       Pseudepigrapha Veteris Testamenti graece
    PW         Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
    PWSup      Supplement to PW
    QD         Quaestiones disputatae
    QDAP       Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine
    RA         Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale
    RAC        Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum
    RANE       Records of the Ancient Near East
    RArch      Revue archéologique
    RB         Revue biblique
    RBén       Revue bénédictine
    RCB        Revista de cultura biblica
    RE         Realencyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche
    REA        Revue des études anciennes
    RechBib    Recherches bibliques
    REg        Revue d'égyptologie
    REJ        Revue des études juives
    RelS       Religious Studies
    RelSoc     Religion and Society
    RelSRev    Religious Studies Review
    RES        Répertoire d'épigraphie sémitique
    ResQ       Restoration Quarterly
    RevExp     Review and Expositor
    RevistB    Revista bíblica
    RevQ       Revue de Qumran
    RevScRel   Revue des sciences religieuses
    RevSém     Revue sémitique
    RevThom    Revue thomiste
    RGG        Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart
    RHE        Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique
    RHPR       Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses
    RHR        Revue de l'histoire des religions
    RivB       Rivista biblica
    RNT        Regensburger Neues Testament
    RQ         Römische Quartalschrift für christliche Altertumskunde und Kirchengeschichte
    RR         Review of Religion
    RSO        Rivista degli studi orientali
    RSPT       Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques
    RSR        Recherches de science religieuse
    RTAM       Recherches de théologie ancienne et médievale
    RTL        Revue théologique de Louvain
    RTP        Revue de théologie et de philosophie
    SacEr      Sacris erudiri
    SANT       Studien zum Alten und Neuen Testament
    SAQ        Sammlung ausgewählter kirchen- und dogmengeschichtlicher Quellenschriften
    SB         Sources bibliques
    SBA        Studies in Biblical Archaeology
    SBAW       Sitzungsberichte der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
    SBB        Stuttgarter biblische Beiträge
    SBJ        La sainte bible de Jérusalem
    SBLABS     SBL Archaeology and Biblical Studies
    SBLAS      SBL Aramaic Studies
    SBLASP     SBL Abstracts and Seminar Papers
    SBLBAC     SBL The Bible in American Culture
    SBLBMI     SBL The Bible and Its Modern Interpreters
    SBLBSNA    SBL Biblical Scholarship in North America
    SBLDS      SBL Dissertation Series
    SBLEJL     SBL Early Judaism and Its Literature
    SBLMasS    SBL Masoretic Studies
    SBLMS      SBL Monograph Series
    SBLNTGF    SBL The New Testament in the Greek Fathers
    SBLRBS     SBL Resources for Biblical Study
    SBLSBS     SBL Sources for Biblical Study
    SBLSCS     SBL Septuagint and Cognate Studies
    SBLSP      SBL Seminar Papers
    SBLSS      SBL Semeia Studies
    SBLTT      SBL Texts and Translations
    SBLWAW     SBL Writings of the Ancient World
    SBM        Stuttgarter biblische Monographien
    SBS        Stuttgarter Bibelstudien
    SBT        Studies in Biblical Theology
    SC         Sources chrétiennes
    ScEccl     Sciences ecclésiastiques
    SCHNT      Studia ad corpus hellenisticum novi testamenti
    SCR        Studies in Comparative Religion
    ScrHier    Scripta hierosolymitana
    ScEs       Science et esprit
    SD         Studies and Documents
    SE         Studia Evangelica I, II, III (= TU 73 [1959], 87 [1964], 88 [1964], etc.)
    SEÅ        Svensk exegetisk årsbok
    SecCent    Second Century
    Sef        Sefarad
    Sem        Semitica
    SHT        Studies in Historical Theology
    SJ         Studia judaica
    SJLA       Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity
    SJT        Scottish Journal of Theology
    SMSR       Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni
    SNT        Studien zum Neuen Testament
    SNTSMS     Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series
    SO         Symbolae osloenses
    SOTSMS     Society for Old Testament Study Monograph Series
    SPap       Studia papyrologica
    SPAW       Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
    SPB        Studia postbiblica
    SQAW       Schriften und Quellen der alten Welt
    SR         Studies in Religion/Sciences religieuses
    SSN        Studia semitica neerlandica
    SSS        Semitic Study Series
    ST         Studia theologica
    STÅ        Svensk teologisk årsskrift
    StABH      Studies in American Biblical Hermeneutics
    STDJ       Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah
    STK        Svensk teologisk kvartalskrift
    Str-B      [H. Strack and] P. Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament
    StudBib    Studia Biblica
    StudNeot   Studia neotestamentica
    StudOr     Studia orientalia
    SUNT       Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments
    SVTP       Studia in Veteris Testamenti pseudepigrapha
    SWBA       Social World of Biblical Antiquity
    SymBU      Symbolae biblicae upsalienses
    TAPA       Transactions of the American Philological Association
    TBei       Theologische Beiträge
    TBl        Theologische Blätter
    TBü        Theologische Bücherei
    TBT        The Bible Today
    TC         TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism
    TCGNT      B. M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament
    TD         Theology Digest
    TDNT       G. Kittel and G. Friedrich, eds., Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
    TDOT       G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren, eds., Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament
    TEV        Today's English Version
    TextsS     Texts and Studies
    TF         Theologische Forschung
    TGl        Theologie und Glaube
    THKNT      Theologischer Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament
    ThStud     Theologische Studiën
    TLZ        Theologische Literaturzeitung
    TP         Theologie und Philosophie
    TPQ        Theologisch-praktische Quartalschrift
    TQ         Theologische Quartalschrift
    TRE        Theologische Realenzyklopädie
    TRev       Theologische Revue
    TRu        Theologische Rundschau
    TS         Theological Studies
    TSK        Theologische Studien und Kritiken
    TSSI       J. C. L. Gibson, Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions
    TT         Teologisk Tidsskrift
    TToday     Theology Today
    TTZ        Trierer theologische Zeitschrift
    TU         Texte und Untersuchungen
    TWAT       G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren, eds., Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament
    TWNT       G. Kittel and G. Friedrich, eds., Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament
    TynBul     Tyndale Bulletin
    TZ         Theologische Zeitschrift
    UBSGNT     United Bible Societies Greek New Testament
    UF         Ugarit-Forschungen
    UNT        Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament
    USQR       Union Seminary Quarterly Review
    UT         C. H. Gordon, Ugaritic Textbook
    UUÅ        Uppsala universitetsårsskrift
    VC         Vigiliae christianae
    VCaro      Verbum caro
    VD         Verbum domini
    VF         Verkündigung und Forschung
    VKGNT      K. Aland, ed., Vollständige Konkordanz zum griechischen Neuen Testament
    VS         Verbum salutis
    VT         Vetus Testamentum
    VTSup      Vetus Testamentum, Supplements
    WA         M. Luther, Kritische Gesamtausgabe (= "Weimar" edition)
    WBC        Word Biblical Commentary
    WD         Wort und Dienst
    WDB        Westminster Dictionary of the Bible
    WH         Westcott, B. F., and Hort, F. J. A., The New Testament in the Original Greek
    WHAB       Westminster Historical Atlas of the Bible
    WHJP       World History of the Jewish People
    WMANT      Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament
    WO         Die Welt des Orients
    WTJ        Westminster Theological Journal
    WUNT       Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament
    WVDOG      Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der deutschen Orientgesellschaft
    WW         Word and World
    WZKM       Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
    WZKSO      Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Süd- und Ostasiens
    ZA         Zeitschrift für Assyriologie
    ZAH        Zeitschrift für Althebraistik
    ZAW        Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
    ZDMG       Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft
    ZDPV       Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins
    ZEE        Zeitschrift für evangelische Ethik
    ZHT        Zeitschrift für historische Theologie
    ZKG        Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte
    ZKT        Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie
    ZMR        Zeitschrift für Missionskunde und Religionswissenschaft
    ZNW        Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft
    ZRGG       Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte
    ZST        Zeitschrift für systematische Theologie
    ZTK        Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche
    ZWT        Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie
    


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